SBRT (Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy)

Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) is an advanced and highly precise form of radiation therapy used to treat small, well-defined tumors in various parts of the body. Unlike conventional radiation therapy, which may require numerous sessions over several weeks, SBRT delivers high doses of radiation in fewer sessions, often ranging from one to five treatments. This technique is particularly effective for patients with tumors in the lungs, liver, spine, pancreas, or other areas where traditional surgery may not be feasible. In this guide, we’ll explore what SBRT is, its benefits, potential side effects, and what to expect before, during, and after treatment.


What is SBRT?

SBRT is a non-invasive procedure that uses advanced imaging technology to deliver precise, high-dose radiation to tumors while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. The treatment is designed to target tumors with sub-millimeter accuracy, making it an ideal option for patients with inoperable or hard-to-reach tumors. SBRT is sometimes referred to as stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR).


How Does SBRT Work?

SBRT uses a combination of detailed imaging, computer-aided planning, and precise radiation delivery. The process begins with imaging studies such as CT, MRI, or PET scans to determine the exact size, shape, and location of the tumor. Using this information, a customized treatment plan is developed that directs radiation beams from multiple angles to converge on the tumor. The goal is to deliver a high dose of radiation to the tumor while sparing the surrounding healthy tissues.

Conditions Treated with SBRT

SBRT is used to treat a variety of conditions, including:

  • 1. Lung Cancer:SBRT is particularly effective for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer, especially in patients who are not candidates for surgery.
  • 2. Liver Cancer: It can be used to treat primary liver tumors and metastatic tumors in the liver, providing an alternative for patients who cannot undergo surgery.
  • 3. Spinal Tumors: SBRT can be used to treat tumors in the spine, minimizing the risk of damage to the spinal cord.
  • 4. Pancreatic Cancer: SBRT offers a treatment option for patients with localized pancreatic cancer, especially when surgery is not possible.
  • 5. Prostate Cancer:: SBRT can be an option for some patients with localized prostate cancer, offering a shorter treatment duration compared to conventional radiotherapy.
  • 6. Other Tumors: SBRT can also be used to treat tumors in the kidney, adrenal gland, and other areas where high precision is required.




Benefits of SBRT

  • 1. High Precision: SBRT delivers radiation with sub-millimeter accuracy, significantly reducing the risk of damage to surrounding healthy tissues.
  • 2. Shorter Treatment Duration: SBRT typically requires only one to five sessions, compared to the multiple weeks of treatment required for conventional radiation therapy.
  • 3. Minimally Invasive: SBRT is non-surgical and non-invasive, reducing the risks associated with surgery, such as infection and recovery time.
  • 4. Outpatient Procedure: Most SBRT treatments are performed on an outpatient basis, allowing patients to return home the same day.
  • 5. Effective for Inoperable Tumors: SBRT provides an alternative for patients who are not candidates for surgery due to medical conditions or tumor location.

Preparing for SBRT

Before undergoing SBRT, you will have a consultation with your radiation oncologist to discuss your medical history, the specifics of your tumor, and your treatment options. You may undergo several imaging studies, such as CT or MRI scans, to create a detailed map of the tumor and surrounding anatomy. In some cases, a small tattoo or temporary marker may be placed on your skin to ensure precise positioning during treatment.



What to Expect During the Procedure

  • 1. Positioning: You will be positioned on the treatment table, and immobilization devices such as a body frame or mask may be used to ensure that you remain in the correct position during treatment.
  • 2. Imaging Verification: Before delivering the radiation, additional imaging will be taken to verify your position and ensure accuracy.
  • 3. Radiation Delivery: The radiation is delivered through a linear accelerator or other specialized equipment. You will not feel the radiation, and the procedure is painless.
  • 4. Duration: Each session typically lasts between 30 to 90 minutes, depending on the complexity of the treatment plan.
  • 5. Post-Treatment: After the session, you can usually go home and resume normal activities, although you may experience some mild side effects.

Possible Side Effects

While SBRT is generally well-tolerated, some patients may experience side effects, which vary depending on the location of the tumor being treated. Common side effects include:

  • 1. Fatigue: Feeling tired or fatigued is common during and after treatment. Rest and proper hydration can help alleviate this symptom.
  • 2. Skin Reactions: Some patients may experience redness, irritation, or peeling of the skin in the treated area.
  • 3. Nausea or Vomiting: This may occur if the abdomen is treated. Your doctor can prescribe medications to help manage these symptoms.
  • 4. Respiratory Symptoms: For lung cancer patients, coughing, shortness of breath, or chest discomfort may occur temporarily.
  • 5. Pain or Discomfort: Some patients may experience pain or discomfort in the treated area, which is usually temporary.

Do's and Don'ts During SBRT Treatment

Dos:

1. Follow Pre-Treatment Instructions:
  • Adhere to any dietary or medication instructions provided by your healthcare team.
2.Stay Hydrated and Eat Nutritious Meals:
  • Proper nutrition and hydration can help your body cope with treatment.
3. Rest as Needed:
  • Fatigue is common, so make sure to get plenty of rest and avoid overexertion.
4. Communicate with Your Healthcare Team:
  • Report any side effects or changes in your health to your doctor immediately.
5. Attend All Scheduled Appointments:
  • Regular follow-up visits are crucial to monitor the treatment’s effectiveness and manage any side effects.

Don'ts:

1. Don’t Miss Treatments:
  • Skipping sessions can affect the effectiveness of your treatment.
2. Avoid Strenuous Activities:
  • Refrain from heavy lifting or intense physical activities during your treatment period.
3. Don’t Ignore Side Effects:
  • If you experience unusual symptoms such as severe pain, difficulty breathing, or significant changes in appetite or weight, contact your healthcare provider immediately.
4. Avoid Sun Exposure on Treated Areas:
  • Protect your skin from direct sunlight to prevent further irritation.

After the Procedure

Most patients can resume their normal activities soon after SBRT. Your doctor will schedule follow-up appointments to monitor your response to treatment and check for any delayed side effects. Imaging studies such as CT or MRI scans may be conducted periodically to assess the effectiveness of the treatment.


Conclusion

Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy is a highly effective, non-invasive treatment option for many types of tumors. Its precision, shorter treatment duration, and reduced side effects make it an excellent choice for patients who are not candidates for surgery or prefer a less invasive approach. Understanding the process and knowing what to expect can help you feel more confident and prepared as you undergo SBRT. Always stay in close communication with your healthcare team to address any concerns and ensure the best possible outcome for your treatment.